PMC

(A) Transverse section of the body of Magelona johnstoni from Berwick-upon-Tweed, between chaetigers 10 and 11 (posterior half of pouch and parapodia of chaetiger 11 visible) (NMW. Z.2013.037.0010c, anterior view); (B) row of hooded hooks arranged vis-à-vis of M. equilamellae from Ebro Delta, Catalonia; (C) bidentate hooded hooks from chaetiger 29 of M. minuta from the Irish Sea (NMW.Z.1991.075.1584a, lateral view); (D) bidentate hooded hook from M. papillicornis from Brazilian coast (lateral view, scale = 0.01 mm); (E) tridentate hooded hook from M. alleni; (F–H) quadridentate, pentadentate and hexodont hooded hooks from M. fauchaldi from Iran (paratypes, NMW.Z.2015.012.0002d–e); (I) small hooded hook adjacent to the lateral lamellae of M. sp. 3 from the Brazilian coast (from , anterior view); (J) bidentate hooded hooks of M. papillicornis from Brazilian coast, arranged vis-à-vis; (K) unidentate enlarged hook of M. sp. 3 from the Brazilian coast (from ). C, E–H, hoods broken. Photos B, C, E by Kimberley Mills. Neuro, neuropodia; Noto, notopodia; SAH, small abdominal hook.

Scenario 1: The rat albino (299His) mutation occurred in a rat of the hooded (piebald) rat stock. From the stock, the albino stock was established. Then they were introduced into the Wistar Institute and some albino rats were used for the establishment of the Wistar-independent stocks. Scenario 2: The albino stock that can be traced back to an albino rat that carried the 299His mutation and the hooded (piebald) stock were independently established. Crossing occurred between the albino and the hooded stocks. In the resultant stocks of this cross, albino rats that carried either the hooded (h) or self (H) allele must be present. The albino rats with the particular genotype (h/h, c/c) were “by chance” selected and used to establish the albino rat stock. Such new-established albino stock was introduced into the Wistar Institute and some rats from it were used for the development of the Wistar-independent albino stocks.

(A) Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot bacterial community composition from Shengjin and Caizi Lakes at three wintering periods. (B) Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot showing bacterial community composition from Shengjin and Caizi Lakes at the early wintering period. (C) Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot for the hooded crane from Shengjin and Caizi Lakes at the middle wintering period. (D) Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot for the hooded crane from Shengjin and Caizi Lakes at the late wintering period. (E) Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot for the hooded crane from Shengjin Lake at three wintering periods. (F) Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot for the hooded crane from Caizi Lake at three wintering periods.

The hooded mutation spanned to the 92 kb region defined by D14Rat13 and ENSRNOSNP2799341 (boxed in red). This region contains the upstream region and five exons of the rat Kit gene (black arrow). The hooded critical region was covered by BACs that contain F344/Stm, LE/Stm and ACI/NJcl genomic DNAs. Grey bars represent the regions covered by BACs. Grey squares represent positions of the SSLP or SNP makers examined.